Value of resting state electroencephalogram in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease （AD） still faces great challenges， and the advantage of electroencephalogram （EEG） diagnosis lies in its portable and non-invasive nature， so the EEG diagnosis of AD has occupied an important place in clinical research. ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of resting state EEG for AD diagnosis， and to provide references for early recognition of AD in clinical practice. MethodsClinical data of AD patients （n=59） in an Inpatient Geriatric Psychiatry Unit of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed， and healthy elderly individuals attending outpatient clinics at the hospital during the same period were enrolled as control group （n=54）. Eight-channel resting state EEG data were acquired， and the absolute power values in the α， β， θ and δ frequency bands and the α/θ ratio were obtained and calculated using Fast Fourier Transform （FFT）. Cognitive function assessments of patients were done by Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） and Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA）. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the correlation between EEG findings and MMSE and MoCA scores of AD patienrs. Logistic regression prediction model for AD was built using currently available EEG and clinical variables， and the model performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and the area under curve （AUC）. ResultsThe θ-band absolute powers in the right mid-frontal （F4） and mid-lateral （F7， F8） regions were higher in AD patients than those in healthy controls， with statistically significant difference （t=-2.844， -2.825， -3.014， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The absolute powers of α/θ ratio in prefrontal （Fp1， Fp2）， mid-frontal （F3， F4） and mid-lateral （F7， F8） regions showed a notable reduction in AD patients compared with healthy controls， with statistical difference （t=2.081， 2.327， 3.423， 2.358， 3.272， 2.445， P<0.05 or 0.01）. Spearman correlation analysis denoted that MMSE score was positively correlated with the absolute powers of α-band， β-band and α/θ ratio （r=0.206， 0.288， 0.372， P<0.05 or 0.01）. MoCA score was positively correlated with β absolute powers and α/θ ratio （r=0.201， 0.315， P<0.05 or 0.01）， and negatively correlated with θ absolute power （r=-0.218， P<0.05）. ROC curve revealed an AUC of 0.882 （95% CI： 0.820~0.943）， a sensitivity of 0.966 and a specificity of 0.673 for the AD prediction model based on EEG variables， while the prediction model for AD using comprehensive variables achieved better predictive efficacy， reaching an AUC， sensitivity and specificity of 0.946 （95% CI： 0.905~0.986）， 0.948 and 0.873， respectively. ConclusionResting state EEG of AD patients is correlated with cognitive function， and are of great value in the diagnosis of AD， with θ absolute power and α/θ ratio in EEG being the most strongly correlated with AD.

Ultrasmall, elementary and highly translational nanoparticle X-ray contrast media from amphiphilic iodinated statistical copolymers

To expand the single-dose duration over which noninvasive clinical and preclinical cancer imaging can be conducted with high sensitivity, and well-defined spatial and temporal resolutions, a facile strategy to prepare ultrasmall nanoparticulate X-ray contrast media (nano-XRCM) as dual-modality imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) has been established. Synthesized from controlled copolymerization of triiodobenzoyl ethyl acrylate and oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate monomers, the amphiphilic statistical iodocopolymers (ICPs) could directly dissolve in water to afford thermodynamically stable solutions with high aqueous iodine concentrations (>140 mg iodine/mL water) and comparable viscosities to conventional small molecule XRCM. The formation of ultrasmall iodinated nanoparticles with hydrodynamic diameters of ca. 10 nm in water was confirmed by dynamic and static light scattering techniques. In a breast cancer mouse model, in vivo biodistribution studies revealed that the 64Cu-chelator-functionalized iodinated nano-XRCM exhibited extended blood residency and higher tumor accumulation compared to typical small molecule imaging agents. PET/CT imaging of tumor over 3 days showed good correlation between PET and CT signals, while CT imaging allowed continuous observation of tumor retention even after 10 days post-injection, enabling longitudinal monitoring of tumor retention for imaging or potentially therapeutic effect after a single administration of nano-XRCM.

Review on exposure characteristics and health effects of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances / 环境与职业医学

Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a new type of persistent organic pollutants that have received extensive attention in recent years. This article reviewed the population characteristics of environmental exposure to PFAS, as well as the potential health effects. Previous studies have verified that people are exposed to PFAS mainly through ingestion, and food and water are the dominant contributors. In terms of exposure characteristics, geographical, gender, age, and occupational differences have an impact on the level of PFAS exposure in the corresponding populations by influencing their behavioral characteristics and metabolic levels, with occupational exposure receiving more attention, especially in the exploration of novel PFAS. PFAS associate with a variety of adverse health effects caused by hepatorenal toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. However, some of the conclusions are not completely consistent, and the published epidemiological studies have focused on children and young people, lacking relevant data of the elderly. Future research can pay more attention to the elderly population and carry out validation exploration on controversial conclusions.

Evidence summary on the management of the developmentally supportive environment in the neonatal intensive care unit / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate relevant evidence on the management of the developmentally supportive environment in the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), and to provide clinical references.Methods:Evidence on NICU environmental management was retrieved from Guidelines International Network, Joanna Briggs Institute, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guide Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Registered Nurses′ Association of Ontario, Yimaitong and other Websites, BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Wanfang Database, CNKI and other database.The evidence included guidelines, evidence summaries, best clinical practice manuals, expert consensus and systematic reviews.The date limit was from the establishment of the databases to March 31, 2021.Results:Totally 16 articles were involved, including 4 guidelines, 9 systematic reviews, and 3 expert consensus.Finally, 20 pieces of best evidence on four aspects were su-mmarized: sound, light, touch, and smell.There were 11 A-level recommendations and 9 B-level recommendations.The evidence suggested that health care workers should reduce noise and protect premature infants from being exposed to bright light, noxious gases, and negative touch stimuli.Besides, benign auditory and olfactory stimuli, circadian light, and mother-infant skin-to-skin contact should be used to promote the development of premature infants.Conclusions:This study is a summary of the recommendations on NICU environmental management.It is well-designed and has achieved fruitful results, showing great significance for reducing environmental stress of premature infants in the NICU.However, the current recommended methods for providing benign stimulation require validation of more high-quality, well-designed research.It is recommended that medical staff should selectively apply the evidence to clinical practice according to the actual situation.

Prognostic value of PTEN in de novo diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The purpose of our study is to investigate the prognostic value of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression in patients with de novo metastatic castration naïve prostate cancer (mCNPC). A total of 205 patients with mCNPC at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (Shanghai, China) were retrospectively examined. Immunohistochemical staining of PTEN was performed on prostate biopsy samples of these patients. Associations among clinicopathological features, patient survival and PTEN protein expression were analyzed. PTEN loss occurred in 58 of 205 (28.3%) patients. Loss of PTEN was significantly correlated with high metastatic volume (P = 0.017). No association between PTEN expression and Gleason score was observed. Patients with PTEN loss had significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS, P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) compared with patients with intact PTEN expression. Multivariate analysis showed that elevated alkaline phosphatase, high metastatic volume and PTEN loss were independent poor prognostic factors for PFS. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS)#8805; 2 and PTEN loss were independent poor prognostic factors for OS. The adjusted hazard ratio of PTEN loss for PFS and OS was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-2.43, P = 0.008) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.23-3.10, P = 0.005), respectively. PTEN loss was also significantly associated with shorter PFS (P = 0.025) and OS (P < 0.001) in patients with low-volume metastatic disease. Our data showed that PTEN loss is an independent predictor for shorter PFS and OS in patients with de novo mCNPC.

Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Single-Center Cohort Study in China / 罕见病研究

  Objective  To evaluate the clinical and paraclinical features of Chinese patients with anti- LGI1 encephalitis.  Methods  Patients with memory deficits, psychiatric symptoms, seizures or altered level of consciousness, suspicious of encephalitis, at presentation to Peking Union Medical College Hospital were recruited between July 2013 and January 2018, and tested for anti-LGI1 antibodies in their serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) samples. Patients with anti-LGI1 antibodies were enrolled. The demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results, neuroimaging features, immunotherapy, follow-up practices and outcomes for included patients were registered and analyzed.  Results  The study enrolled 120 patients, of whom 66.7% were male. The median age was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 49-66 years). Seizures(65.0%) were the most common initial symptoms. Most patients developed seizures (95.0%), including faciobrachial dystonic seizures (54.2%), memory deficits (92.5%), and psychiatric symptoms (69.1%). Brain MRI and 18F-FDG PET / CT showed that the lesions were mainly located in unilateral or bilateral medial temporal lobes, and (or) basal ganglia. Of the patients, 95.0% received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or corticosteroids, 47.5% received mycophenolate mofetil as long-term immunotherapy, and no one received second-line immunotherapy. The median follow-up was 34.2 months(IQR: 22.0-45.6 months). 91.2% had a good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score≤2 points). Residual mild memory deficits were present in 47.8% of the patients. Nine deaths were documented. Relapses occurred in 24.8% of the patients in the first year. In total, 24 (20%)cases were young patients(onset age ≤45 years).There were fewer males among the younger patients(37.5% vs. 74.0%, P < 0.01). Besides, there were fewer younger patients with psychiatric symptoms(50.0% vs. 74.0%, P=0.02), hyponatremia(33.3% vs. 68.8%, P < 0.01), and abnormalities on brain 18F-FDG PET/CT(20.8% vs. 47.9%, P=0.02). The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the young patients.  Conclusions  Elderly males were predominant in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Most patients developed symptoms of limbic encephalitis and/or FDBS during the disease course. Several patients were young adults and lacked typical symptoms. Neuroimaging features were consistent with the involvement of limbic system or basal ganglia. Patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis respond well to immunotherapy, irrespective of the age.

Prognostic significance of IKZF1 gene deletions in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of IKZF1 gene deletion in patients with acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) . Methods: The clinical data of 142 patients with B-ALL diagnosed in Nanfang Hospital between March 2016 and September 2019 were analyzed. Results: IKZF1 deletion was found in 36.0% of the 142 patients with B-ALL, whereas exon 4-7 deletion was found in 44.0% . White blood cell counts were higher in patients with the IKZF1 deletion (52.0% and 28.3% , P=0.005) ; these patients also experienced worse effects of mid-term induction therapy (40.0% and 70.7% , P<0.001) and had a higher proportion of Philadelphia chromosome-positive (52.0% and 21.7% , respectively, P<0.001) . Univariate analysis revealed that the 3-year overall survival rate (OS) and event-free survival rate (EFS) in the IKZF1 deletion group were significantly lower than the IKZF1 wild-type group [ (37.1±7.3) % vs (54.7±5.4) % , (51.8±7.9) % vs (73.9±4.7) % ; P=0.025, 0.013, respectively]. Multivariable analysis showed that harboring IKZF1 deletion was an adverse factor of EFS and OS (HR=1.744, 2.036; P=0.022, 0.020, respectively) . Furthermore, the IKZF1 deletion/chemotherapy group had significantly lower 3-year OS, EFS, and disease-free survival rates than other subgroups. In the IKZF1 deletion cohort, allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) significantly improved OS and EFS compared to non-allo-HSCT[ (67.9±10.4) % vs (31.9±11.0) % , (46.6±10.5) % vs (26.7±9.7) % ; P=0.005, 0.026, respectively]. Conclusion: Pediatric-inspired chemotherapy was unable to completely reverse the negative effect of IKZF1 deletion on prognosis. Pediatric-inspired regimen therapy combined with allo-HSCT, in contrast, significantly improved the overall prognosis of IKZF1 deletion B-ALL.

Comprehensive evaluation of columns in Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:This paper makes a comprehensive evaluation on the columns of Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine from communication effect and citation effect, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each column setting, so as to provide evidence-based basis for journal soliciting contributions, and guide column selection planning.Methods:The communication index (website browsing frequency, website download frequency, Wanfang download frequency) and citation index (citation frequency, zero citation rate, high citation rate, high citation rate ratio) of columns in Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine from 2016 to 2018 were counted, and whether there were statistical differences among the evaluation indexes of columns was analyzed.Results:In terms of communication index: among the top 20 column communication indicators, comments and guidance columns account for a very high proportion; The communication index of comment column and guidance column was significantly higher than that of other columns, and the differences were statistically significant; There was no significant difference between Article column and Clinical application research column.In terms of citation index: the citation frequency and high citation rate of the Article column are the highest, while the zero citation rate is the lowest, and there was no significant difference among the four columns of Expert forum, Clinical application research, Review and Guideline·consensus·interpretation; The high citation rate ratio of the Guideline·consensus·interpretation column is the highest, followed by the Article column, and the two columns are significantly higher than the Expert forum column; Among the top 20 papers with the highest citation frequency, the column of treatise accounts for 65%.Conclusion:Expert forum column and Guidelin·consensus·interpretation column are the key to influence the communication effect of journals.Article column and Guidelin·consensus·interpretation column are the key to influence the citation effect of journals.The absolute value of evaluation index can not scientifically evaluate the academic quality of journals.

Shenling Baizhu Powder () Ameliorates Pi (Spleen)-Deficiency-Induced Functional Diarrhea in Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism of Pi (Spleen)-deficiency-induced functional diarrhea (FD) model rats treated by Shenling Baizhu Powder (, SBP).@*METHODS@#Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups including control, model, low-, medium-, and high-dose SBP groups (SBPLDG, SBPMDG, SBPHDG), 6 rats in each group, respectively. Pi-deficiency-induced FD rats model was developed through Radix et Rhizoma Rhei gavage for 7 days. After modeling, the rats were treated with 3 doses of SBP [0.93, 1.86, and 3.72 g/(kg·d)], and the rats in the control and model groups were given pure water for 7 days. The diarrhea index was calculated. On the 7th and 14th days, the traveled distance of rat was measured by the open field test. Serum D-xylose content was determined by the phloroglucinol method and interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The content of Treg cells was determined by flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the diarrhea index and IL-17 level in the model group were significantly higher and the total exercise distance and D-xylose content significantly decreased (P>0.05). The expression of IL-10 in the SBPHDG group was significantly up-regulated, and serum D-xylose level and Treg cells increased significantly compared with the model group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#High-dose SBP exhibited ameliorating effects against Pi-deficiency induced FD, which might be attributed to its modulations on intestinal absorption function as well as adaptive immunity in mesenteric lymph nodes of rat.

The molecular mechanism of the effect of benzoαpyrene on autophagy of molecular chaperones under simulated hypoxia / 药学学报

In this study, the effect of benzo[α]pyrene (BaP) on chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) in a simulated hypoxia environment was observed and the relationship to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was clarified. With HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) and HSP90α silenced, the mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), HSP90, heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), and lysosomal associated protein 2A (LAMP-2A) of A549 cells on hypoxic environment by BaP were tested. Alkaline comet experiment, immunofluorescence γ-H2AX focus experiment, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and Western blot analyses were used to clarify the relationship between the DNA damage of different concentrations of BaP in A549 cells and the mRNA and protein expression of CMA-related factors. The results show that hypoxia can promote the expression of mRNA and protein of CMA-related factors in A549 cells. This study found that BaP has an inhibitory effect on CMA under the hypoxic environment. The inhibition or silencing of HSP90 will enhance the inhibitory effect of BaP on CMA. In a normoxic environment, BaP causes DNA damage and promotes CMA.

Clinical efficacy of different waves of electroacupuncture on knee osteoarthritis and its effect on TGF-β1 in joint fluid / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the therapeutic effects of different waves of electroacupuncture (EA) on knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to explore the mechanism of different waves of EA on promoting cartilage repair.@*METHODS@#Ninety- seven patients with KOA were randomly divided into a dilatational wave group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off), a continuous wave group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a discontinuous wave group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped off). The same acupoints of Xuehai (SP 10), Liangqiu (ST 34), Dubi (ST 35) and Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) were selected in the three groups. The dilatational wave (frequency of 2 Hz/10 Hz) was used in the dilatational wave group, the continuous wave (frequency of 10 Hz) was used in the continuous wave group, and the discontinuous wave (frequency of 10 Hz) was used in the discontinuous wave group. All the needles were retained for 30 min. All the treatment was given 3 times a week (on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) for 4 weeks. Lysholm knees scoring scale (LKSS) was used to evaluate the knee joint function before and after treatment, and the content of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the joint effusion before and after treatment was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the total score and each score of LKSS were increased after treatment in the three groups (all <0.05). The improvements of total score, pain score, instability score, swelling score of LKSS in the continuous wave group and the dilatational wave group were superior to those in the discontinuous wave group (all <0.05). The content of TGF-β1 in the joint effusion in each group was increased after treatment (<0.05), and the improvement in dilatational wave group was superior to thoes in the continuous wave group and the discontinuous wave group (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The three different waves of EA could all improve the clinical symptoms of KOA, which may promote cartilage repair by increasing TGF-β1 content. The dilatational wave had the best overall effect, which can be used as a clinical optimal treatment.

Morphologically Based Cell Classification in Mixed Cultures / 医用生物力学

Objective To make quantitative analysis on collected cell images combined with machine learning integrated clustering algorithm, so as to explore a method for fast recognition and classification of cells in mixed cultures based on morphology. Methods The morphometric properties of A549 and 3T3 cells in vitro were characterized by immunostaining, the fluorescent images were then analyzed with CellProfiler to extract the parameters of cell morphology. The parameters were loaded into CellProfiler Analyst to be trained with machine learning algorithm, and a rule was developed to form a generalization capability for cell classification in mixed cultures. Results The accuracy of the training classifier was 81-24%, and the binary classifications of A549 and 3T3 cells could be realized. Conclusions The method of machine learning is very effective in parameter clustering. The application of machine learning into cell image recognition can provide pre-judgment for rapid pathological examination of tissue sections, thereby reducing the workload of doctors and improving the accuracy of diagnosis.

Clinicopathological analysis of 40 cases of salivary duct carcinoma / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the clinical manifestations and pathological changes of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) and the relationship between them, so as to provide reference for the diagnosis of SDC.@*Methods@#In this retrospective analysis 40 cases of SDC diagnosed from January 2012 to August 2018 in the Department of Pathology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled and the clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed, 29 were male and 11 were female, the ratio of male to female was 2.64∶1, the median age was 59.0 years, the average course of disease was 3.5 years. The reported cases of SDC were reviewed and compared with patients of this study.@*Results@#Among the 40 patients, 24 cases occurred in parotid gland, 9 cases in submandibular gland and 7 cases in small salivary glands; 24 cases had cancer cell infiltration and invasion of adjacent tissues, 11 cases had lymph node metastasis and 9 cases had distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Pathological results showed that 27 cases belonged to primary salivary duct carcinoma, 13 cases belonged to malignant transformation of pleomorphic adenoma; 10 cases invaded local nerve, 22 cases invaded glandular lobules and ducts. Immunohistochemical results showed that 33 cases were positive for androgen receptor, 27 cases were positive for cytokeratin-7, 22 cases were positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, 8 cases were positive for gross cyst disease fluid protein 15. The proliferation index of nuclear antigen Ki-67 ranged from 10% to 90%. Among them 18 cases were over 50% and 22 cases were below 50%.@*Conclusions@#Salivary duct carcinoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor of the salivary gland. Accurate pathological diagnosis is helpful to inhibit the early local recurrence, distant metastasis and improve survival rate of salivary duct carcinoma.

Catheter balloon dilation combined with acupuncture for cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To screen the optimal acupuncture regimen for cricopharyngeal achalasia (CPA) after brain stem infarction and compare the therapeutic effect between the combined therapy of catheter balloon dilation and acupuncture and the simple application of catheter balloon dilation.@*METHODS@#The patients suffering from neuropathic dysphagia in CPA after brain stem infarction were selected as the subjects. After confirmed in the diagnosis with video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), they were randomized into 6 groups, 15 cases in each one, named group A (routine treatment), group B (catheter balloon dilation), group C1 (treated with acupuncture in local area), group C2 (treated with acupuncture based on differentiation), group C3 (treated with acupuncture at the local area and the acupoints based on differentiation) and group D (catheter balloon dilation combined with the optimal acupuncture). Two phases were included in the study. In the first phase of study, the therapeutic effect was compared among the three acupuncture groups, named C1, C2 and C3 group, so as to screen the optimal acupuncture regimen. In the group C1, the main acupoints included Fengchi (GB 20), Wangu (GB 12), Yifeng (TE 17) and three-tongue points (Extra). In the group C2, the main acupoints were Neiguan (PC 6), Tongli (HT 5), Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) as well as the supplementary acupoints in accordance with the syndrome differentiation. In the group C1 and group C2, after , the electroacupuncture was used, with continuous dense wave, 5 to 8 Hz in frequency. The needles were retained for 30 min. Acupuncture was given once a day, 5 treatments a week. Before treatment, in 6 weeks of treatment or after removal of gastric tube, the rehabilitation was evaluated. In the group C3, the acupoints, manipulation and treating course were same as the group C1 and group C2. In the 2nd phase of study, theresults of rehabilitation treatment were compared among the group A, group B and group D. The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week. Before treatment, after gastric tube removal or in 6 weeks of treatment, the evaluation was conducted. The feedingswallowing function grade and VFSS were adopted in the evaluation among the above 6 groups.@*RESULTS@#① In the VFSS comparison at 1st phase of study after treatment, the food transporting ability at oral dysphagia, the results in the group C3 and group C1 were better obviously than the group C2 (both 0.05). The severity of dysphagia in the group C3 was milder than the group C2 and group A (both <0.05). ② In the VFSS comparison at the 2nd phase of study, for the food transporting ability, the results in the group D and the group B were obviously better than the group A (both <0.05). Regarding the function at the pharyngeal dysphagia and aspiration, the results in the group D were better than the group B and group A, those in the group B were better than the group A (all <0.05). The difference in the extubation rate among the group A, group B and group D after treatment was significant statistically (<0.01), of which, the extubation rate in the group D was the highest and the rate in the group A was the lowest. The dysphagia degree in the group D was milder than the group B and group A and that in the group B was milder than the group A (all <0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In the study of the different acupuncture methods, the acupuncture at the local acupoints and the acupoints selected based on differentiation is the optimal acupuncture regimen for cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction. The catheter balloon dilation combined with acupuncture present the synergistc effect on cricopharyngeal achalasia after brain stem infarction, obviously relieve dysphagia and reduce aspiration.

Association between health literacy and smoking status among residents in Wenzhou / 预防医学

Objective To assess the residents' health literacy levels and smoking status in national surveillance sites in Wenzhou and to provide scientific basis for tobacco control and thepublic health promotion. Methods Four hundred and eighty residents aged 15 to 69 years in Wenzhou Longwan District and Cangnan County were selected according to multi-stage stratified random sampling method and surveyed by the National Residents' Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire and the National Residents' Tobacco Survey Questionnaire from October 2015 to December 2015. The levels of health literacy were compared among respondents with different smoking behaviors. Results The smoking rate of these residents was 22.63, with the rate of ex-smoker 7.50％ and non-smoker 69.17％. The smoking rate of males (36.98％) was higher than that of females (6.95％) (P<0.05) .The overall health literacy level of residents in Longwan District and Cangnan County of Wenzhou was 5.01％. The average score of overall health literacy of smoker was 33.70 ±11.70, with ex-smoker of 28.06 ±11.60 and non-smoker of 33.59 ±11.83. The levels of health literacy of non-smokers and smokers were higher than that of ex-smokers (P<0.05) . Conclusion Residents in Wenzhou had a low level of health literacy. Improving the level of health literacy might positively affect the smoking behaviors.

Integration of Volunteer Service and Humanistic Quality of Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

The long-term development of volunteer service depends on the level of humanistic quality of par-ticipants, the improvement of humanistic quality needs the practical support of volunteer service, and the integra-tion of volunteer service and humanistic quality of medical students has its theoretical rationality. "Caring for peo-ple"is its common cultural foundation,"subjectivity" is its common ideological foundation, and"group nature" is the common practice foundation for both. At present, the integration of volunteer service and medical students' hu-manistic quality is mainly facing the development issues including medical students and those who are served misun-derstand the volunteerism, the lack of medical students' humanistic spirit leads to instrumental tendency of volun-teer service behavior and the limited channels of volunteer service objectively limit the enhancing effect of humanis-tic quality of medical students. It should promote the organization of volunteer service for medical students and cul-tivate the humanistic spirit of medical students;promote the professionalization of medical students' volunteer service and enhance the self-education ability of medical students;promote the normalization of medical students' volun-teer service and enhance the social responsibility of medical students to provide reference for the integration and de-velopment of volunteer service and medical humanistic quality.

Clinical analysis of comprehensive treatment for children with heterogeneous severe amblyopia / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To observe the effect of comprehensive treatment in children with severe amblyopia.Methods One hundred and forty children(140 eyes)with severe amblyopia aged 5-14 were divided into two groups.The patients in both groups received cover method,drug suppression method, fine cross training.Patients in experimental group received the treatment of wearing rigid gas permeable contact len(RGPCL)combined with machine instrument training and patients in control group received the treatment of wearing suitable frame mirror. They were followed up for 18 months. Results After treatment of 18 months,the total effective rate in experimental group was significantly better than that in control group:100.0%(68/68)vs. 80.6%(58/72),P < 0.01. Before treatment,the three-level visual function rate in two groups had no significant difference(P > 0.05). After 3 months'training with the visual machine,the three-level visual function rate in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group: 80.9%(55/68)vs. 63.9%(46/72),P < 0.05. Conclusions Active amblyopia treatment is effective and the two sides should cooperate effectively.The patients with severe amblyopia who receive wearing RGPCL combined with machine instrument training treatment is better than those of wearing frame mirror and the safety and efficacy is guaranteed.

Effects of hypoxia on expressions of human airway remodeling-associated factors in airway epithelial cells / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the mechanism of hypoxia on the expressions of airway remodeling-associated factors matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)in human airway epithelial cells(16HBE)under hypoxia.Methods We cultured 16HBE cells under normoxia or hypoxia (20 mL/L O2)for 6,12 and 24 hours.MMP-9 and TGF-β1with higher expression were pretreated with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)inhibitor AG1478 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)inhibitor Lificiguat (YC-1).Cell survival rate was measured by CCK-8 method.The mRNA levels of MMP-9 and TGF-β1were detected by RT-PCR.The levels of HIF-1α,MMP-9 and TGF-β1protein expressions were measured by Western blot. Results In hypoxia group,the levels of MMP-9 and TGF-β1mRNA as well as protein expressions increased compared with those in the control group(all P＜ 0.05).Pretreatment with AG1478 and YC-1 could inhibit the above-mentioned changes(P＜ 0.05).AG1478 suppressed the high expression of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia. Conclusion Hypoxia can up-regulate the expressions of airway remodeling-associated factors MMP-9 and TGF-β1 via EGFR's induction of HIF-α signaling pathway.

Comparison of endolaser or cryotherapy on capsule contraction syndrome after phaco - vitrectomy surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To compare the influence of endolaser or cryotherapy on capsule contraction syndrome (CCS) following phaco - vitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. ·METHODS: A total of 244 eyes were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. The surgical approach was standard vitrectomy combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation simultaneously. There were 198 eyes underwent endolaser and 46 eyes underwent cryotherapy during the surgery. The main outcome measures were postoperative clinical outcomes including anatomical position of retina, the capsules and the position of IOLs and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1d,1wk,1,2,3,6mo and 1a. ·RESULTS: There were 6 eyes (3.0%) of CCS occurred in endolaser group and 5 eyes (10.9%) of CCS occurred in cryotherapy group. The different procedures during the surgery were significantly associated with the incidence of CCS (odds ratio:0.256,P=0.021,95% Cl:0.075-0.880). ·CONCLUSION: Different procedures during phaco -vitrectomy surgery are significantly associated with the incidence of CCS. Endolaser is more beneficial than cryotherapy in preventing CCS following phaco -vitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation.

Research Progresses in Phosphopeptide Enrichment / 分析化学

Phosphopeptide enrichment is of great significance in phosphoproteomics related research. Pre-analysis enrichment helps concentrating phosphopeptides of low abundance, and other interferences of high abundance, such as non-phosphorylated peptides, will be eliminated at the same time. By this way, the enhanced sensitivity of mass-spectrometry analysis of phosphopeptides can be achieved, as well as better detection and identification performance. The key for phosphopeptide enrichment is enrichment materials with specific affinity towards phosphopeptides. Enrichment materials with different phosphopeptide adsorption mechanisms have been developed, while various improvements on material morphologies, enrichment operation, and enrichment specificity are also reported. In the review, we summarized recent progresses in phosphopeptide enrichment from perspectives of both enrichment materials with different enrichment mechanisms, and improvement on methodologies of phosphopeptide enrichment based on various enrichment materials.